| Foto : Kenampakan Igir selatan G. Kelud (dai arah Kec. Garum, Blitar) yang terdampak awan panas. (Dok: Munawaroh, 2014) |
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Showing posts with label disaster. Show all posts
Showing posts with label disaster. Show all posts
Tuesday, March 11, 2014
GUNUNGAPI KELUD : Sejarah Letusan
GUNUNGAPI KELUD : Kejutan di Hari Kasih Sayang
Apa yang kita ingat pada setiap tanggal 14 Februari? yap ! hari kasih sayang..Tanggal tersebut merupakan tanggal istimewa bagi pasangan muda mudi yang merayakannya. Namun ada yang lebih istimewa terjadi pada tanggal 14 Februari 2014 silam. Apakah itu ?
| Foto : View puncak G. Kelud dari arah Kecamatan Garum, Kab. Blitar (Dok: Munawaroh, 2014) |
Wednesday, March 16, 2011
How Tsunamis Work
The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. A tsunami is not a single wave, but a series that behave much like the waves rippling out from a stone dropped in a pond. Each wave can last five to 15 minutes, and the danger can last for hours after the initial wave arrives. “Tsunami waves heights cannot be predicted and the first wave may not be the largest,” according to NOAA statement.
Tsunami Infographic from Erica Edwards on Vimeo.
Tsunamis can be generated when chunks of the planet’s crust separate under the seafloor, causing an earthquake. Here’s what happens: One slab of lifting crust essentially rapidly acts as a giant paddle, transferring its energy to the water. Tsunamis can also be caused by volcanic eruptions, underwater detonations and even landslides.
Prediksi Gempa, Akuratkah ?
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| Gempa susulan yang terus terjadi di Jepang (Google Earth/USGS) |
Gempa yang mengguncang Jepang (11/03/11) yang berkekuatan hingga 9 SR dan kemudian diiringi dengan hempasan gelombang tsunami yang meluluhlantakkan sebagian pesisir timur Jepang telah membuat masyarakat dunia kembali berduka. Bencana besar ini telah memakan banyak korban dan tentunya menimbulkan kerugian yang tidak sedikit jumlahnya.
Saturday, March 12, 2011
SUPER MOON
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| Super Moon |
Super Moon, the phase where the moon comes killing close to earth and thus paving the way for humongous natural disasters. According to the scientists, the super moon will occur on March 19h, Sunday,2011. For many experts, that is a false association, and they say that any kind of cycle connected to natural disasters is just a coincidence, and the moon has no effect on any flood or earthquake going on on the earth.
Saturday, February 26, 2011
Volcanoes
Volcanoes are awesome manifestations of the fiery power contained deep within the Earth. These formations are essentially vents on the Earth's surface where molten rock, debris, and gases from the planet's interior are emitted.
Earthquake Safety Tips
Flood Safety Tips
Here are some safety tips to prepare for rising water—and what to do once a flood has begun.
Safety Tips
Before a Flood
- Avoid building in a floodplain.
- Construct barriers (levees, beams, floodwalls) to stop floodwater from entering your home.
- Seal walls in basements with waterproofing compounds to avoid seepage.
- If a flood is likely in your area, listen to the radio or television for information.
- Know the difference between a flood watch and a flood warning. A watch means flooding is possible. A warning meansflooding is occurring or will occur soon.
FLOODS
There are few places on Earth where people need not be concerned about flooding. Any place where rain falls is vulnerable, although rain is not the only impetus for flood.
EARTHQUAKE
Earthquakes, also called temblors, can be so tremendously destructive, it’s hard to imagine they occur by the thousands every day around the world, usually in the form of small tremors.
Some 80 percent of all the planet's earthquakes occur along the rim of the Pacific Ocean, called the "Ring of Fire" because of the preponderance of volcanic activity there as well. Most earthquakes occur at fault zones, where tectonic plates—giant rock slabs that make up the Earth's upper layer—collide or slide against each other. These impacts are usually gradual and unnoticeable on the surface; however, immense stress can build up between plates. When this stress is released quickly, it sends massive vibrations, called seismic waves, often hundreds of miles through the rock and up to the surface. Other quakes can occur far from faults zones when plates are stretched or squeezed.
Tuesday, February 1, 2011
Semiologi Bencana
Dalam postingan saya sebelumnya, telah dibahas mengenai arti dari kata Semiologi beserta klasifikasinya. Semiologi khususnya semiologi natural dapat memberitahukan kita akan peristiwa peristiwa alam yang akan terjadi di lingkungan kita termasuk di dalamnya bencana.
Adapun semiologi natural atau tanda tanda alam yang dapt kita lihat secara kasat mata ketika akan terjadi suatu peristiwa alam diantaranya :
- Tanda-Tanda akan datangnya hujan dan angin puting beliung.
- Langit cerah tiba-tiba mendung
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| Siang hari yang cerah berubah mendung secara tiba-tiba. |
Monday, January 31, 2011
Semiologi
Secara etimologis, Semiologi (F. de Saussure) atau Semiotika (C.S. Pierce) berasal dari bahasa yunani yaitu "semeion" yang berarti tanda dan "seme" yang berarti penafsiran tanda. Maka dari itu, Semiologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari sistem-sistem, aturan-aturan, konvensi-konvensi yang memungkinkan tanda-tanda itu mempunyai arti.
Klasifikasi Semiologi adalah sebagai berikut :
Sunday, January 30, 2011
Tanya-Jawab Tentang Gempa
Saturday, January 29, 2011
BADAI TROPIS DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP CUACA BURUK DI INDONESIA
Thursday, January 27, 2011
Analisis Pemetaan Kawasan Rawan Bencana Gunungapi
Pemetaan kawasan rawan bencana gunungapi sangat penting dilakukan di Indonesia yang secara fisiografis memiliki deretan gunungapi "ring of fire". Pemetaan ini sangat membantu dalam mengurangi resiko bencana ketika gunungapi meletus, mengingat bencana gunungapi ini merupakan bencana yang memiliki episode-episode bahaya selama gunungapi tersebut aktif seperti gempa vulkanik, awan panas, hujan abu, dan banjir lahar. Dengan begitu, dibutuhkan analisis dasar untuk melakukan pemetaan kawasan rawan bencana gunungapi agar bisa mengantisipasi kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh bencana. Adapun analisis tersebut meliputi :
- Analisis Bentang Alam yang mencakup : (a) Analisis morfografi (Analisa daerah puncak/kawah, pola aliran sungai, anomali pola aliran dan pola cabang-cabang sungai). (b) Analisis morfogenesa (Analisa pola sebaran dan stratigrafi batuan, perkembangan kegiatan letusan dan struktur geologi gunungapi. (c) Analisis Morfometri (Kemiringan lereng, bentuk lereng, panjang lereng, tingkat torehan erosi lereng, bentu, lebar, dan kedalaman lembah, pola lembah, pola sebaran lembah dan analisa perpindahan titik erupsi, pusat erupsi, erupsi samping, posisi titik pemunculan gas gunungapi. (d) Analisis morfokronologi (Menganalisis proses yang mempengaruhi perubahan konfigurasi tubuh gunungapi.)
- Analisis hubungan posisi topografi, mencakup analisis letak/kedudukan objek bencana terhadap topografi daerah sekitarnya.
- Analisis sumber/titik erupsi, mencakup analisis perkembangan pemunculan titik-titik erupsi (zonasi daerah lemah/kelurusan titik erupsi)
- Analisis pola sebaran lahar dan aliran piroklastik hasil kegiatan terakhir, sebagai dasar perkiraan pola endapan hasil letusan yang akan datang, yang dikaitkan dengan intensitas letusan.
- Analisis emisi gas, adalah zonasi daerah yang mempunyai lubang gas serta daerah alterasi, di daerah puncak dan daerah tubuh yang dikaitkan dengan struktur yang ada.
- Analsis tsunami yang berhubungan dengan gunungapi bawah laut yang mencakup letusan dan longsoran.
Label:
bencana,
disaster,
geology,
Geomorphology,
gunungapi,
mapping,
pemetaan,
rawan,
vulkanik,
vulkanologi
Pemetaan Bahaya Erupsi Gunung Api
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| Morfologi Merapi |
Label:
bencana,
disaster,
geomorfologi,
Geomorphology,
gunungapi,
mapping,
Maps,
pemetaan
Wednesday, January 26, 2011
TSUNAMIS : Killer Waves
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| Tsunami in Sendai, Japan (12/03/11) |
A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land. These walls of water can cause widespread destruction when they crash ashore.
These awe-inspiring waves are typically caused by large, undersea earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries. When the ocean floor at a plate boundary rises or falls suddenly it displaces the water above it and launches the rolling waves that will become a tsunami.
Most tsunamis, about 80 percent, happen within the Pacific Ocean’s “Ring of Fire,” a geologically active area where tectonic shifts make volcanoes and earthquakes common.
Tsunamis may also be caused by underwater landslides or volcanic eruptions. They may even be launched, as they frequently were in Earth’s ancient past, by the impact of a large meteorite plunging into an ocean.
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| Epicenter of Japan Earthquake (12/03/11) |
Tsunamis race across the sea at up to 500 miles (805 kilometers) an hour—about as fast as a jet airplane. At that pace they can cross the entire expanse of the Pacific Ocean in less than a day. And their long wavelengths mean they lose very little energy along the way.
In deep ocean, tsunami waves may appear only a foot or so high. But as they approach shoreline and enter shallower water they slow down and begin to grow in energy and height. The tops of the waves move faster than their bottoms do, which causes them to rise precipitously.
A tsunami’s trough, the low point beneath the wave’s crest, often reaches shore first. When it does, it produces a vacuum effect that sucks coastal water seaward and exposes harbor and sea floors. This retreating of sea water is an important warning sign of a tsunami, because the wave’s crest and its enormous volume of water typically hit shore five minutes or so later. Recognizing this phenomenon can save lives.
A tsunami is usually composed of a series of waves, called a wave train, so its destructive force may be compounded as successive waves reach shore. People experiencing a tsunami should remember that the danger may not have passed with the first wave and should await official word that it is safe to return to vulnerable locations.
Some tsunamis do not appear on shore as massive breaking waves but instead resemble a quickly surging tide that inundates coastal areas.
The best defense against any tsunami is early warning that allows people to seek higher ground. The Pacific Tsunami Warning System, a coalition of 26 nations headquartered in Hawaii, maintains a web of seismic equipment and water level gauges to identify tsunamis at sea. Similar systems are proposed to protect coastal areas worldwide.
Published By : National Geographic
image by Photograph by Deshakalyan Chowdhury/AFP/Getty Images
Mitos "Awan Petruk" Setelah Letusan Merapi
Fenomena "awan petruk", yang terjadi pada 25 Oktober di dekat Merapi sebelum letusan besar, dapat dilihat dari Magelang, Jawa Tengah.Masyarakat lalu menghubung-hubungkan awan itu dengan letusan Merapi sehari kemudian.
Menurut peneliti gunung api dari Badan Geologi Departemen Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, Igan Sutawijaya, awan itu sebetulnya asap akibat erupsi vertikal Merapi. Asap itu membawa gas solfatara berikut abu-abu vulkanik. Asap ini mirip dengan wedhus gembel hanya saja gerakannya membubung tinggi ke angkasa. "Angin dan awan mungkin saja membentuknya menjadi formasi itu," kata Igan yang dihubungi lewat telepon pada Senin (8/10). Igan juga menambahkan kalau dari daerah selain Magelang, awan itu bisa saja tampak berbeda.
MEMAHAMI BAHAYA BANJIR LAHAR
by Daryono pada Januari 17, 2011
BMKG
BANJIR lahar yang menyapu sejumlah wilayah di Muntilan, Kabupaten Magelang akhir-akhir ini harus diwaspadai, mengingat peluang terjadinya banjir lahar yang lebih besar dapat terjadi akibat curah hujan di atas normal dampak pemanasan muka laut perairan Indonesia dan penyimpangan iklim global La Nina yang masih berlangsung hingga sat ini. Untuk itu masyarakat perlu memahami bahaya-bahaya yang ditimbulkan oleh banjir lahar.
Monday, January 17, 2011
TATAAN TEKTONIK DAN SEJARAH KEGEMPAAN PALU, SULAWESI TENGAH
Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG)
E-mail: daryono@bmkg.go.id![]() |
| Gambar 1. |
GEMPABUMI tektonik berkekuatan 5,3 pada skala richter (SR) mengguncang Kota Palu, Sulawesi Tengah, Sabtu (8/1/2011) pukul 16.15 WITA (Gambar 1). Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) dalam situsnya menyebutkan, pusat gempabumi terletak pada 0,85 Lintang Selatan dan 119,78 Bujur Timur. Gempabumi yang tidak berpotensi tsunami itu terjadi di kedalaman 23 kilometer dengan jarak 9 kilometer arah barat laut Kota Palu.
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